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Prevalence of Frailty and Factors Associated with Frailty in Individuals Aged 90 and Older: The 90+ Study

D.R. Lee, C.H. Kawas, L. Gibbs, et al.

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(11):2257-2262

This study estimated the overall prevalence of frailty in people aged 90 and older to be 28.0%. The overall prevalence of frailty was 24% in those aged 90 to 94 and 39.5% in those aged 95 and older. The prevalence of frailty was significantly associated with age in women but not men and with living with relatives or caregiver or in a group setting.
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Frailty as a major factor in the increate risk of death and disability in older people with diabetes

M. Castro-Rodríguez, J.A. Carnicero, F. J. Garcia-Garcia, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(10):949-55

The objective of this prospective cohort study on 1825 individuals (≥65years old) was to assess the role of frailty in predicting death and incident disability in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results obtained suggest that frailty is an important risk factor for death and disability in older adults with diabetes, supporting the recent recommendations that frailty status should be routinely assessed in these patients.
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Frailty Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly

N. Veronese, B. Stubbs, L. Fontana, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(10):902-7

This longitudinal study (follow-up of 4.4 years) aimed to investigate whether frailty is associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a prospective cohort of community-dwelling older people. Among community-dwelling older people, frailty and prefrailty were significant and independent predictors of T2DM, which is a major and potentially preventable risk factor for multiple comorbidities.
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Case finding for sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients: performance of bioimpedance analysis in comparison to dual X-ray absorptiometry

J. Reiss, B. Iglseder, M. Kreutzer, et al.

BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):52

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) suggests different methods for case finding for sarcopenia. However, data comparing the different methodological options are scarce for geriatric inpatients. Muscle mass measured by BIA was highly correlated to DXA (r > 0.9), but BIA systematically overestimated muscle mass. The raw agreement between the DXA- and BIA-based approaches for classifying participants as having normal or reduced muscle mass was at best 80 % depending on the BIA cut-offs used.
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Estimation of sarcopenia prevalence using various assessment tools

C. Beaudart, J.Y. Reginster, J. Slomian, et al.

Experimental Gerontology.2015;61:31-7

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in relation to the assessment tool used in the measurement of the variables related to muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The results obtained showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia varies between 8.4% and 27.6% in relation to the method used. Furthermore, it was observed that the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) tends to overestimate muscle mass compared to the X-ray absorptiometry dual energy (DXA). As regards the muscle strength, it is observed that the pneumatic dynamometer allowed to diagnose the double of the sarcopenic subjects compared to hydraulic dynamometer.

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Energetics of Aging and Frailty: The FRADEA Study

P. Abizanda, L. Romero, P.M. Sánchez-Jurado, et al.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016;71(6):787-96

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) decrease with aging, but it is not known whether frailty modulates this association. Authors hypothesize that RMR and TDEE values are similar between younger and older nonfrail adults, whereas they are lower in older prefrail and frail compared with younger adults. This study shows that frailty status modulates the energy requirements of aging. Frail and prefrail older adults present lower eRMR than nonfrail adults.

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Association of Hearing Impairment With Incident Frailty and Falls in Older Adults

R.J. Kamil, J. Betz, B. Brott Powers, et al.

Journal of Aging and Health.2016;28(4):644-60

The hearing impairment (HI) is highly prevalent but undertreated in older adults and, although it contributes to frailty risk, it remains poorly studied. This study aimed at determining whether HI in older adults is associated with the development of frailty and falls. This study demonstrate that moderate or greater HI is associated with increased risk of developing frailty and that HI is associated with an increased annual risk of falling.

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Dairy Consumption and Risk of Frailty in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

A. Lana, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo and E. Lopez-Garcia

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1852-60

Some studies have found positive effects of dairy consumption in older people, but the evidence base for this recommendation remains scarce. This study aimed to examining the association between consumption of dairy products and risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Data obtained shown that higher consumption of low-fat milk and yogurt are associated with lower risk of frailty and, specifically, lower risk of slow walking speed and weight loss.

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Serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in sarcopenia

B. Can, O. Kara, M.C. Kizilarslanoglu, et al.

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(4):745-752

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and biomarkers that may be involved in its pathogenesis and hence allow early detection. The present study demonstrated an association of sarcopenia with inflammatory markers CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and adiponectin.

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