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Accelerometer-determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community-dwelling older adults

Y.C. Foong, N. Chherawala, D. Aitken, et al.

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):275-83

The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between accelerometer-determined physical activity (PA), muscle mass, and lower-limb strength in community-dwelling older adults. Using accelerometer technology, both the amount and intensity of accelerometer-determined PA had an independent, dose-response relationship with lean mass percentage and lower limb strength, with the largest effect for vigorous activity. Time spent in sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but was not associated with lower limb strength. The magnitude of the association between PA and lean mass percentage decreased with age.

Polish

Association of Hearing Impairment With Incident Frailty and Falls in Older Adults

R.J. Kamil, J. Betz, B. Brott Powers, et al.

Journal of Aging and Health. 2016;28(4):644-60

The hearing impairment (HI) is highly prevalent but undertreated in older adults and, although it contributes to frailty risk, it remains poorly studied. This study aimed at determining whether HI in older adults is associated with the development of frailty and falls. This study demonstrate that moderate or greater HI is associated with increased risk of developing frailty and that HI is associated with an increased annual risk of falling.

Polish

Polypharmacy and frailty: prevalence, relationship, and impact on mortality in a French sample of 2350 old people

M. Herr, J.M. Robine, J. Pinot, et al.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2015;24(6):637-46

Polypharmacy is associated to several negative outcomes as drug-drug interactions and mortality. Frail older people often have multiple chronic conditions and may therefore be particularly at risk of polypharmacy. This cross-sectional population study aimed to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and frailty, to examine their association, and to establish their independent and combined effects on mortality in a sample of 2350 French older people aged 70 years and over. This study emphasizes the importance of the combined effects of two prevalent condition in older people, polypharmacy and frailty, on mortality risk.

Polish

Quality of life and physical components linked to sarcopenia: The SarcoPhAge study

C. Beaudart, J.Y. Reginster, J. Petermans, et al.

Experimental Gerontology. 2015;69:103–110

The SarcoPhAge project is an ongoing longitudinal study following community-dwelling elderly subjects; the aim of this study is to assess prevalence of sarcopenia and clinical components using the diagnosis algorithm developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The authors concluded that sarcopenia seems to be associated with many harmful clinical components (for example frailty and polipharmacy) making this geriatric syndrome a real public health burden.

Polish

Nutritional, Physical, Cognitive and Combination Interventions and Frailty Reversal Among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

T. P. Ng, L. Feng, M. Nyunt, et al.

Am J Med. 2015;128:1225-1236.e1

This study aimed to assess the reversibility of frailty in 246 community-living prefrail and frail older people in Singapore (mean age: 70 years). Participants were randomly assigned to 5 different 6-month interventions: nutritional supplementation, physical training, cognitive training, combination treatment and usual care control. Frailty score, body mass index, knee extension strength, gait speed, energy/vitality, physical activity levels and secondary outcomes (activities of daily living dependency, hospitalization and falls) were assessed at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. Frailty score and status over 12 months were reduced in all groups, but the reduction rates were significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with the usual care control group, with the combination intervention group showing the highest odds (OR 5.00). Beneficial effects persisted at 12 months.

Polish

Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

J.M. Bauer, S. Verlaan, I. Bautmans, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:740-747

This study was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2 parallel-group trial among 380 sarcopenic primarily independent-living older adults. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a specific oral nutritional supplement can result in improvements in measures of sarcopenia. Improvements in muscle mass and lower-extremity function were observed, suggesting that nutritional supplementation alone might benefit geriatric patients.

Polish

Caloric restriction and aerobic exercise in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic obese women: an observational and retrospective study

S. Barbat-Artigas, S. Garnier, S. Joffroy, et al.

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):284-9

The objective of this observational and retrospective study was to verify the effect of a mixed weight loss programme combining caloric restriction and exercise on body composition, and lipid-lipoprotein profile of obese women according to their sarcopenic status. Data obtained suggest that a short weight loss programme combining caloric restriction and aerobic exercise may significantly reduce fat mass and improve lipid-lipoprotein profile in obese women, independently of their sarcopenic status. Such programmes may have deleterious effects on lean mass in non-sarcopenic obese subjects, only.

Polish

Association of habitual dietary resveratrol exposure with the development of frailty in older age: the Invecchiare in Chianti study

M. Rabassa, R. Zamora-Ros, M. Urpi-Sarda, et al.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102:1534–42

Resveratrol may play a protective role against the frailty syndrome (FS) because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study has prospectively evaluated the association between habitual dietary resveratrol exposure and the development of FS after 3-, 6-, and 9-years follow-up periods in a community-dwelling older population. This study has shown that higher habitual dietary resveratrol exposure was associated with lower risk of older community dwellers developing FS during the first 3 years of follow-up but not after longer follow-up periods.

Polish

Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

C. de Labra, C. Guimaraes-Pinheiro, A. Maseda, et al.

BMC Geriatrics. 2015;15:154

Physical exercise has demonstrated its beneficial effects in reducing the risk of many adverse outcomes, such as frailty. The major goal of this systematic review of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was to investigate the benefits of exercise programs in frail elderly people, considering only those studies where frailty had been defined. This systematic review suggested that frail older adults seemed to benefit from exercise interventions, although the optimal program remains unclear.

Polish

Predictive validity of a two-step tool to map frailty in primary care

J.A.L. van Kempen, H.J. Schers, I. Philp, et al.

BMC Medicine. 2015;13:287

EASY-Care Two step Older people Screening (EASY-Care TOS) is a stepped approach to identify frail older people at risk for negative health outcomes in primary care, and makes use of General Practitioners’ (GPs) readily-available information. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of EASY-Care TOS for negative health outcomes within the year from assessment. GPs applying the EASY-Care TOS procedure, where they only perform additional assessment when they judge this as necessary, can efficiently predict negative health outcomes in their older populations. Moreover, this evaluation is almost as accurate as a complete specialist comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).

Polish

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