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Motor Performance and Physical Activity as Predictors of Prospective Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Frailty Level: Application of Wearable Technology

M.J. Mohler, C.S. Wendel, R.E. Taylor-Piliae, et al.

Gerontology. 2016;62(6):654-664

This study aimed to evaluate wearable sensor-based measures of gait, balance, and physical activity that are predictive of future falls in community-dwelling older adults. Results obtained suggests that independent predictors of falls are dependent on frailty status. Among sensor-derived parameters, balance deficit, longer typical walking episodes, and shorter typical standing episodes were the most sensitive predictors of prospective falls in the combined pre-frail and frail sample. Gait deficit was not a sensitive fall predictor in the context of frailty status.

Polish

Physical Frailty Assessment in Older Women: Can Simplification Be Achieved Without Loss of Syndrome Measurement Validity?

Q.L. Xue, J. Tian, L.P. Fried, et al.

Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(11):1037-44

Different phenotypes have increasingly been used as tools for clinical characterization of frailty among older adults. Although there have been studies about the comparability and effectiveness of various simplifications and approximations of existing frailty phenotypes for risk prediction, there have been no studies in which investigators evaluated the stability of the clinical characterization achieved. Findings obtained shown that it was no merely the number of criteria used to characterize the PFPs but rather the specific criteria combinations that predicted the risk of adverse outcomes. There are clinically important contexts in which simplified PFPs cannot be used interchangeably.

Polish

Consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of frailty: a dose-response analysis of 3 prospective cohorts of community-dwelling older adults

E. García-Esquinas, B. Rahi, K. Peres, et al.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(1):132-42

We sought to examine the dose-response association between fruit and vegetables consumption and the risk of frailty in older adults.

Among community-dwelling older adults, fruit and vegetables consumption was associated with a lower short-term risk of frailty in a dose-response manner, and the strongest association was obtained with 3 portions of fruit/d and 2 portions of vegetables/d

Polish

Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor of dysphagia in hospitalized older people

Maeda and J. Akagi

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16(4):515-21

The present study investigated the prevalence of dysphagia among patients with sarcopenia, and the association between the two conditions. On 224 older adults, the prevalences of sarcopenia and dysphagia were 76.8% and 30.0%, respectively and it was shown that sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for dysphagia among older individuals.

Polish

Phenotype of sarcopenic obesity in older individuals with a history of falling

Y.R. Huo, P. Suriyaarachchi, F. Gomez, et al.

Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;65:255-9

The goal of this study was to obtain a comprehensive phenotype of sarcopenic obesity in this high-risk population. Authors have found that sarcopenic obese subjects were older (81.1±7.3), mostly female and more likely to have lower bone mineral density, lower grip strength, slower gait velocity, and poor balance. Sarcopenic obese individuals also showed significantly higher parathyroid hormone and lower vitamin D.

Polish

Successful Aging and Frailty: Opposite Sides of the Same Coin?

J. Woo, J. Leung and T. Zhang

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(9):797-801

This study explore the hypothesis that frailty and successful aging are two sides of the same coin and that walking speed may be an objective indicator of successful aging. Fast walkers had better self-rated health, lower prevalence of stroke, hypertension, cataracts, osteoporosis, and impaired cognitive function. They were more likely to be current alcohol users, more physically active, consumed more vegetables, had better physical component of health-related quality of life, and received more education. They also had lower body mass index, percentage whole body fat as well as appendicular fat, and higher appendicular muscle mass index.

Polish

Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Leucine and Vitamin D Increase Muscle Strength and Function in Frail Elderly Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial

S. Abe, O. Ezaki and M. Suzuki

J Nutr. 2016;146(5):1017-26

 In this paper a combination of nutrients was investigated to treat sarcopenia in very frail elderly adults. Authors concluded that the combined supplementation of MCTs (6 g), leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol at dinner may improve muscle strength and function in frail elderly individuals.

Polish

Physical Activity Performed in the Evening Increases the Overnight Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Presleep Protein Ingestion in Older Men

A.M. Holwerda, I.W. Kouw, J. Trommelen, et al.

J Nutr. 2016;146(7):1307-14

The present study assessed whether physical activity performed in the evening can augment the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion in older men. Physical activity performed in the evening augments the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion and allows more of the ingested protein-derived amino acids to be used for de novo muscle protein synthesis during overnight sleep in older men.

Polish

A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial

F.J. Tarazona-Santabalbina, M.C. Gómez-Cabrera, P. Pérez-Ros, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):426-33

The aim of this study is to ascertain if a supervised-facility multicomponent exercise program (MEP) when performed by frail older persons can reverse frailty and improve functionality; cognitive, emotional, and social networking; as well as biological biomarkers of frailty, when compared with a controlled population that received no training. Authors reported that in3 1.4% (95% CI 20.3-45.0) of the intervention group, frailty was reversed after the exercise training program, whereas no one in the control group reversed frailty after the 6-month period.

Polish

High Levels of Heavy Metals Increase the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Elderly Population

J.I. Yoo, Y.C. Ha, Y.K. Lee, et al.

J Bone Metab. 2016;23(2):101-9

Despite increasing concern regarding health problems as a result of environmental pollutants, no association of toxic heavy metals with sarcopenia has been demonstrated in the general population. In this article the association of heavy metals, including lead, mercury and cadmium, with sarcopenia in the Korean population was investigated. This study demonstrates that high levels of blood lead, mercury and cadmium increase the prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders of elderly populations.

Polish

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