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Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor of dysphagia in hospitalized older people

Maeda and J. Akagi

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016 ;16(4):515-21

The present study investigated the prevalence of dysphagia among patients with sarcopenia, and the association between the two conditions. On 224 older adults, the prevalences of sarcopenia and dysphagia were 76.8% and 30.0%, respectively and it was shown that sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for dysphagia among older individuals.

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Phenotype of sarcopenic obesity in older individuals with a history of falling

Y.R. Huo, P. Suriyaarachchi, F. Gomez, et al.

Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;65:255-9

The goal of this study was to obtain a comprehensive phenotype of sarcopenic obesity in this high-risk population. Authors have found that sarcopenic obese subjects were older (81.1±7.3), mostly female and more likely to have lower bone mineral density, lower grip strength, slower gait velocity, and poor balance. Sarcopenic obese individuals also showed significantly higher parathyroid hormone and lower vitamin D.

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Successful Aging and Frailty: Opposite Sides of the Same Coin?

J. Woo, J. Leung and T. Zhang

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(9):797-801

This study explore the hypothesis that frailty and successful aging are two sides of the same coin and that walking speed may be an objective indicator of successful aging. Fast walkers had better self-rated health, lower prevalence of stroke, hypertension, cataracts, osteoporosis, and impaired cognitive function. They were more likely to be current alcohol users, more physically active, consumed more vegetables, had better physical component of health-related quality of life, and received more education. They also had lower body mass index, percentage whole body fat as well as appendicular fat, and higher appendicular muscle mass index.

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Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Leucine and Vitamin D Increase Muscle Strength and Function in Frail Elderly Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial

S. Abe, O. Ezaki and M. Suzuki

J Nutr. 2016 ;146(5):1017-26

In this paper a combination of nutrients was investigated to treat sarcopenia in very frail elderly adults. Authors concluded that the combined supplementation of MCTs (6 g), leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol at dinner may improve muscle strength and function in frail elderly individuals.

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Physical Activity Performed in the Evening Increases the Overnight Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Presleep Protein Ingestion in Older Men

A.M. Holwerda, I.W. Kouw, J. Trommelen, et al.

J Nutr. 2016;146(7):1307-14

The present study assessed whether physical activity performed in the evening can augment the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion in older men. Physical activity performed in the evening augments the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion and allows more of the ingested protein-derived amino acids to be used for de novo muscle protein synthesis during overnight sleep in older men.

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A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial

F.J. Tarazona-Santabalbina, M.C. Gómez-Cabrera, P. Pérez-Ros, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):426-33

The aim of this study is to ascertain if a supervised-facility multicomponent exercise program (MEP) when performed by frail older persons can reverse frailty and improve functionality; cognitive, emotional, and social networking; as well as biological biomarkers of frailty, when compared with a controlled population that received no training. Authors reported that in3 1.4% (95% CI 20.3-45.0) of the intervention group, frailty was reversed after the exercise training program, whereas no one in the control group reversed frailty after the 6-month period.

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High Levels of Heavy Metals Increase the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Elderly Population

J.I. Yoo, Y.C. Ha, Y.K. Lee, et al.

J Bone Metab. 2016;23(2):101-9

Despite increasing concern regarding health problems as a result of environmental pollutants, no association of toxic heavy metals with sarcopenia has been demonstrated in the general population. In this article the association of heavy metals, including lead, mercury and cadmium, with sarcopenia in the Korean population was investigated. This study demonstrates that high levels of blood lead, mercury and cadmium increase the prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders of elderly populations.

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The clinical frailty scale predicts functional decline and mortality when used by junior medical staff: a prospective cohort study

K.J. Gregorevic, R.E. Hubbard, W.K. Lim, et al.

BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):117

The objective of this study is to determine whether the clinical frailty scale (CFS) can be used to identify patient baseline frailty status in the acute general medical setting when used by junior medical staff using information obtained on routine clinical assessment. A high proportion of eligible patients had the frailty measure completed, demonstrating the acceptability of the CFS to clinicians. Despite lack of training for medical staff, increasing frailty was correlated with functional decline and mortality supporting the validity of the CFS as a frailty screening tool for clinicians.

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Disseminating a Clinically Effective Physical Activity Program to Preserve Mobility in a Community Setting for Older Adults

J. Laussen, C. Kowaleski, K. Martin, et al.

J Frailty Aging. 2016;5(2):82-7

The objective of this study is to assess the dissemination of an evidence-based PA program for older adults by evaluating program participation and its impact on mobility, strength and quality of life. Results obtained suggest that the dissemination of a clinically efficacious physical activity intervention into a community-based setting can improve mobility, strength and quality of life for older adults.

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Fried frailty phenotype assessment components as applied to geriatric inpatients

J. Bieniek , K. Wilczyński and J. Szewieczek

Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:453-9

The aim of this article was to assess the usefulness and limitations of Fried frailty phenotype criteria in geriatric inpatients, characterized by comorbidity and functional impairments, and to estimate the frailty phenotype prevalence in this group. Data obtained suggest that Fried frailty phenotype criteria can useful for geriatric inpatient assessment, despite diagnostic limitations

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