/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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                                      <h1 id="page-title">#for_healthcare</h1>
                  
                  
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          <a href="/fr/activit-physique-d-termin-e-par-acc-l-rom-tre-masse-musculaire-et-force-des-jambes-chez-les-0" rel="bookmark">Activité physique déterminée par accéléromètre, masse musculaire et force des jambes chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md1"><div class="field-item even"><h3>Y.C. Foong, N. Chherawala, D. Aitken, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):275-83</span></em></p>
<p>Le but de cette étude était de décrire la relation entre l’activité physique (AP) déterminée par accéléromètre, la masse musculaire et la force des membres inférieurs chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire. En s’appuyant sur la technologie de l’accéléromètre, il a été démontré que la quantité et l’intensité de l’AP déterminée par accéléromètre avait une relation dose-réponse en termes de pourcentage de masse maigre et de force des membres inférieurs, l’effet le plus marqué ayant été observé avec l’activité d’intensité élevée. Le temps passé à pratiquer des activités sédentaires a été négativement associé au pourcentage de masse maigre, sans être associé à la force des membres inférieurs. L’importance du lien entre AP et pourcentage de masse maigre a diminué avec l’âge.</p>
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 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/activit-physique-d-termin-e-par-acc-l-rom-tre-masse-musculaire-et-force-des-jambes-chez-les-0" rel="tag" title="Activité physique déterminée par accéléromètre, masse musculaire et force des jambes chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Activité physique déterminée par accéléromètre, masse musculaire et force des jambes chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-696" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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          <a href="/fr/association-entre-troubles-de-l-audition-et-cas-de-fragilit-et-de-chutes-chez-les-personnes-g-es-0" rel="bookmark">Association entre troubles de l’audition et cas de fragilité et de chutes chez les personnes âgées</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md2"><div class="field-item even"><h3>R.J. Kamil, J. Betz, B. Brott Powers, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Journal of Aging and Health. 2016;28(4):644-60</span></em></p>
<p>Les troubles de l’audition (TA) sont très souvent observés mais sous traités chez les personnes âgées, et bien qu’ils contribuent au risque de fragilité, ces troubles ne font l’objet que de peu de recherches. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si les TA chez les personnes âgées étaient associés au développement de la fragilité et à la survenue de chutes. Cette étude démontre que des TA modérés ou plus sévères sont associés à un risque accru de développement de la fragilité et que les TA sont associés à un risque annuel de chutes accru.</p>
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 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/association-entre-troubles-de-l-audition-et-cas-de-fragilit-et-de-chutes-chez-les-personnes-g-es-0" rel="tag" title="Association entre troubles de l’audition et cas de fragilité et de chutes chez les personnes âgées">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Association entre troubles de l’audition et cas de fragilité et de chutes chez les personnes âgées</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-691" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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          <a href="/fr/polypharmacie-et-fragilit-pr-valence-relation-et-impact-sur-la-mortalit-dans-un-chantillon-fran-ais" rel="bookmark">Polypharmacie et fragilité : prévalence, relation et impact sur la mortalité dans un échantillon français de 2350 personnes âgées</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md3"><div class="field-item even"><h3>M. Herr, J.M. Robine, J. Pinot, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2015;24(6):637-46</span></em></p>
<p>La polypharmacie est associée à plusieurs conséquences négatives comme les interactions médicamenteuses et la mortalité. Les personnes âgées fragiles souffrent souvent de multiples pathologies chroniques et peuvent donc être particulièrement exposées au risque de polypharmacie. Cette étude de population transversale visait à évaluer la prévalence de la polypharmacie et de la fragilité, d’analyser leur association et de déterminer leurs effets, indépendants et combinés, sur la mortalité dans un échantillon de 2 350 français âgées de 70 ans ou plus. Cette étude souligne l’importance des effets combinés de deux pathologies observées chez les personnes âgées, la polypharmacie et la fragilité, sur le risque de mortalité.</p>
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 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/polypharmacie-et-fragilit-pr-valence-relation-et-impact-sur-la-mortalit-dans-un-chantillon-fran-ais" rel="tag" title="Polypharmacie et fragilité : prévalence, relation et impact sur la mortalité dans un échantillon français de 2350 personnes âgées">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Polypharmacie et fragilité : prévalence, relation et impact sur la mortalité dans un échantillon français de 2350 personnes âgées</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-686" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/qualit-de-vie-et-composantes-physiques-li-es-la-sarcop-nie-tude-sarcophage" rel="bookmark">Qualité de vie et composantes physiques liées à la sarcopénie : étude SarcoPhAge</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md4"><div class="field-item even"><h3>C. Beaudart, J.Y. Reginster, J. Petermans, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Experimental Gerontology. 2015;69: 103–110</span></em></p>
<p>Le projet SarcoPhAge est une étude longitudinale actuellement menée auprès de sujets âgés résidant en milieux communautaires ; l’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la prévalence de la sarcopénie et des composantes cliniques à l’aide d’un algorithme de diagnostic développé par le groupe de travail européen sur la sarcopénie chez les personnes âgées (EWGSOP). Les auteurs ont conclu que la sarcopénie semble être associée à de nombreuses composantes cliniques néfastes (la fragilité et la polypharmacie), faisant de ce syndrome gériatrique un véritable problème de santé publique.</p>
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  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/qualit-de-vie-et-composantes-physiques-li-es-la-sarcop-nie-tude-sarcophage" rel="tag" title="Qualité de vie et composantes physiques liées à la sarcopénie : étude SarcoPhAge">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Qualité de vie et composantes physiques liées à la sarcopénie : étude SarcoPhAge</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-681" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/mesures-bas-es-sur-l-accompagnement-nutritionnel-l-activit-physique-l-entra-nement-cognitifs-et-0" rel="bookmark">Mesures basées sur l’accompagnement nutritionnel, l’activité physique, l’entraînement cognitifs et mesure combinée et inversion du processus de fragilité chez les personnes âgées : essai contrôlé randomisé</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md5"><div class="field-item even"><h3>T. P. Ng, L. Feng, M.S. Nyunt, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Am J Med 2015;128:1225-1236 e1221</span></em></p>
<p>L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la réversibilité du processus de fragilité chez 246 personnes âgées fragiles ou au stade précoce de fragilité résidant en milieu communautaire à Singapour (âge moyen : 70 ans). Les participants ont été assignés de manière aléatoire à 5 mesures différentes de 6 mois : supplémentation nutritionnelle, entraînement physique, entraînement cognitif, traitement combiné et groupe témoin bénéficiant de soins courants. Le score de fragilité, l’indice de masse corporelle, la force d’extension du genou, la vitesse de marche, l’énergie / la vitalité, les taux d’activité physique et les paramètres secondaires (dépendance dans les activités de la vie quotidienne, hospitalisation et chutes) ont été évalués à 3, 6 et 12 mois. Sur 12 mois, le score et le statut de fragilité ont diminué dans tous les groupes, mais les taux de diminution ont été significativement plus marqués dans les groupes d’intervention que dans le groupe témoin de soins courants, le groupe mesure combinée affichant les probabilités les plus élevées (RR = 5,00). Les effets bénéfiques ont perduré à 12 mois.</p>
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  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/mesures-bas-es-sur-l-accompagnement-nutritionnel-l-activit-physique-l-entra-nement-cognitifs-et-0" rel="tag" title="Mesures basées sur l’accompagnement nutritionnel, l’activité physique, l’entraînement cognitifs et mesure combinée et inversion du processus de fragilité chez les personnes âgées : essai contrôlé randomisé">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Mesures basées sur l’accompagnement nutritionnel, l’activité physique, l’entraînement cognitifs et mesure combinée et inversion du processus de fragilité chez les personnes âgées : essai contrôlé randomisé</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-676" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/effets-d-un-compl-ment-alimentaire-base-de-prot-ine-lactos-rique-enrichi-en-vitamine-d-et-leucine-0" rel="bookmark">Effets d’un complément alimentaire à base de protéine lactosérique enrichi en vitamine D et leucine sur les mesures de la sarcopénie chez les personnes âgées - Étude PROVIDE : essai randomisé, en double aveugle et contrôlé par placebo</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md6"><div class="field-item even"><h3>J.M. Bauer, S. Verlaan, I. Bautmans, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:740-747</span></em></p>
<p>Cette étude est un essai multicentrique, randomisé et contrôlé, mené en double aveugle sur 2 groupes parallèles auprès de 380 personnes âgées sarcopéniques vivant principalement de manière autonome. Le but de cette étude était de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle un complément alimentaire oral spécifique peut donner lieu à des améliorations des mesures de la sarcopénie. Des améliorations de la masse musculaire et de la fonction des membres inférieurs ont été observées, suggérant que la supplémentation nutritionnelle seule peut être bénéfiques aux patients gériatriques.</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/effets-d-un-compl-ment-alimentaire-base-de-prot-ine-lactos-rique-enrichi-en-vitamine-d-et-leucine-0" rel="tag" title="Effets d’un complément alimentaire à base de protéine lactosérique enrichi en vitamine D et leucine sur les mesures de la sarcopénie chez les personnes âgées - Étude PROVIDE : essai randomisé, en double aveugle et contrôlé par placebo">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Effets d’un complément alimentaire à base de protéine lactosérique enrichi en vitamine D et leucine sur les mesures de la sarcopénie chez les personnes âgées - Étude PROVIDE : essai randomisé, en double aveugle et contrôlé par placebo</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-671" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/restriction-calorique-et-exercices-d-robie-chez-les-femmes-ob-ses-sarcop-niques-et-non-sarcop-0" rel="bookmark">Restriction calorique et exercices d’aérobie chez les femmes obèses sarcopéniques et non sarcopéniques : étude observationnelle et rétrospective</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md7"><div class="field-item even"><h3>S. Barbat-Artigas, S. Garnier, S. Joffroy, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):284-9</span></em></p>
<p>L’objectif de cette étude observationnelle et rétrospective était de vérifier les effets d’un programme mixte de perte de poids associant restriction calorique et exercices sur la composition de l’organisme et le profil lipidique et lipoprotéique des femmes obèses en fonction de leur statut sarcopénique. Les données obtenues suggèrent qu’un programme de perte de poids de courte durée associant restriction calorique et exercices d’aérobie peut réduire de manière significative la masse grasse et améliorer le profil lipidique et lipoprotéique des femmes obèses, indépendamment de leur statut sarcopénique. Cependant, ces programmes peuvent avoir des effets néfastes sur la masse maigre chez les sujets obèses non sarcopéniques.</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/restriction-calorique-et-exercices-d-robie-chez-les-femmes-ob-ses-sarcop-niques-et-non-sarcop-0" rel="tag" title="Restriction calorique et exercices d’aérobie chez les femmes obèses sarcopéniques et non sarcopéniques : étude observationnelle et rétrospective">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Restriction calorique et exercices d’aérobie chez les femmes obèses sarcopéniques et non sarcopéniques : étude observationnelle et rétrospective</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-666" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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          <a href="/fr/association-entre-exposition-courante-au-resv-ratrol-alimentaire-et-apparition-de-la-fragilit-chez-0" rel="bookmark">Association entre exposition courante au resvératrol alimentaire et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude Invecchiare in Chianti</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md8"><div class="field-item even"><h3>M. Rabassa, R. Zamora-Ros, M. Urpi-Sarda et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102:1534–42</span></em></p>
<p>Le resvératrol peut jouer un rôle protecteur contre le syndrome de la fragilité (SF) en raison de ses propriétés anti-oxydantes et anti-inflammatoires. Cette étude a évalué de manière prospective l’association entre l’exposition courante au resvératrol alimentaire et le développement du SF après un suivi de 3, 6 et 9 ans au sein d’une population de personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire.<br />
Cette étude a démontré qu’une exposition courante plus importante au resvératrol alimentaire était associée à un risque plus faible de développement du SF par les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire au cours des 3 premières années de suivi mais pas au-delà.</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/association-entre-exposition-courante-au-resv-ratrol-alimentaire-et-apparition-de-la-fragilit-chez-0" rel="tag" title="Association entre exposition courante au resvératrol alimentaire et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude Invecchiare in Chianti">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Association entre exposition courante au resvératrol alimentaire et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude Invecchiare in Chianti</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-661" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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          <a href="/fr/effets-des-mesures-bas-es-sur-la-pratique-d-exercices-physiques-chez-les-personnes-g-es-fragiles-0" rel="bookmark">Effets des mesures basées sur la pratique d’exercices physiques chez les personnes âgées fragiles : revue systématique des essais contrôlés randomisés</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md9"><div class="field-item even"><h3>C. de Labra, C. Guimaraes-Pinheiro, A. Maseda, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">BMC Geriatrics. 2015;15:154</span></em></p>
<p>Les effets bénéfiques des exercices physiques sur la réduction du risque associé à de nombreuses conséquences néfastes, telle que la fragilité, ont été démontrés. Le principal objectif de cette revue systématique des essais contrôlés et randomisés (ECT) était d’étudier les bénéfices des programmes d’exercices chez les personnes âgées fragiles, en ne tenant compte que des études pour lesquelles la fragilité avait été définie. Cette revue systématique a suggéré que les personnes âgées fragiles semblaient bénéficier des mesures basées sur la pratique d’exercices, même si le programme optimal reste vague.</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/effets-des-mesures-bas-es-sur-la-pratique-d-exercices-physiques-chez-les-personnes-g-es-fragiles-0" rel="tag" title="Effets des mesures basées sur la pratique d’exercices physiques chez les personnes âgées fragiles : revue systématique des essais contrôlés randomisés">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Effets des mesures basées sur la pratique d’exercices physiques chez les personnes âgées fragiles : revue systématique des essais contrôlés randomisés</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-656" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/validit-pr-dictive-d-un-outil-en-deux-tapes-de-cartographie-de-la-fragilit-lors-des-soins-0" rel="bookmark">Validité prédictive d’un outil en deux étapes de cartographie de la fragilité lors des soins primaires</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md10"><div class="field-item even"><h3>J.A.L. van Kempen, H.J. Schers, I. Philp, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">BMC Medicine .2015;13:287</span></em></p>
<p>Le dépistage des personnes âgées en deux étapes EASY-Care (EASY-Care TOS) est une approche en plusieurs étapes permettant d’identifier les personnes âgées fragiles exposées à un risque de conséquences négatives sur la santé lors des soins primaires et se base sur les informations déjà disponibles des médecins généralistes (MG). Cette étude était destinée à déterminer la valeur prédictive de l’outil EASY-Care TOS sur les conséquences négatives sur la santé dans l’année suivant l’évaluation. Les MG appliquant la procédure EASY-Care TOS, au cours de laquelle ils n’effectuent d’évaluation supplémentaire que s’ils jugent cela nécessaire, peuvent prédire avec efficacité les conséquences négatives sur la santé dans les populations de personnes âgées qu’ils examinent. De plus, cette évaluation affiche une exactitude quasiment équivalente à celle d’une évaluation gériatrique globale (EGG) exhaustive effectuée par un spécialiste.</p>
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