/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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                                      <h1 id="page-title">#for_researcher</h1>
                  
                  
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  <section class="nodes"><article id="node-460" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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          <a href="/fr/la-posture-du-tronc-pendant-la-marche-est-elle-un-marqueur-plus-efficace-que-la-vitesse-de-marche" rel="bookmark">La posture du tronc pendant la marche est-elle un marqueur plus efficace que la vitesse de marche dans la prévision du déclin fonctionnelle et de la fragilité ultérieure ?</a>
        </h1>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md1"><div class="field-item even"><h3>R.A. Merchant, S. Banerji, G. Singh, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(1):65-70</span></em></p>
<p>Les personnes âgées sont connues pour bien compenser le déclin des réserves physiologiques par la modification environnementale et l’adaptation de la posture. Cette étude visait à analyser et à identifier l’adaptation importante de la posture chez les personnes âgées nécessaire au maintien de la vitesse de marche face à une vulnérabilité croissante.</p>
<p>Les données de cette étude suggèrent que l’identification de l’adaptation de la posture du tronc avant l’apparition du déclin de la vitesse de marche permettra de planifier des interventions auprès de personnes âgées à risque résidant en milieu communautaire, avant même que le déclin de la vitesse de marche n’intervienne.</p>
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  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/la-posture-du-tronc-pendant-la-marche-est-elle-un-marqueur-plus-efficace-que-la-vitesse-de-marche" rel="tag" title="La posture du tronc pendant la marche est-elle un marqueur plus efficace que la vitesse de marche dans la prévision du déclin fonctionnelle et de la fragilité ultérieure ?">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su La posture du tronc pendant la marche est-elle un marqueur plus efficace que la vitesse de marche dans la prévision du déclin fonctionnelle et de la fragilité ultérieure ?</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
  </article>
<article id="node-459" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
      <header class="node-header">
              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/comparaison-de-la-force-de-pr-hension-et-de-la-force-d-extension-des-jambes-dans-la-d-termination-de" rel="bookmark">Comparaison de la force de préhension et de la force d’extension des jambes dans la détermination de la vitesse de marche lente chez les personnes âgées</a>
        </h1>
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  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md2"><div class="field-item even"><h3>M.S. Fragala, D.E. Alley, M.D. Shardell, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Am Geriatr Soc.2016;64:144–150</span></em></p>
<p>Le but de cette étude était de comparer la puissance prédictive relative de la force de préhension et d’extension des jambes dans la détermination de la marche lente.</p>
<p>Les résultats suggèrent que la force de préhension peut représenter une mesure adéquate de détermination de la fonction physique alors que la force d’extension des jambes ne constitue qu’un indicateur légèrement meilleur de la vitesse de marche lente.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="form-item form-type-item">
  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/comparaison-de-la-force-de-pr-hension-et-de-la-force-d-extension-des-jambes-dans-la-d-termination-de" rel="tag" title="Comparaison de la force de préhension et de la force d’extension des jambes dans la détermination de la vitesse de marche lente chez les personnes âgées">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Comparaison de la force de préhension et de la force d’extension des jambes dans la détermination de la vitesse de marche lente chez les personnes âgées</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-454" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
      <header class="node-header">
              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/la-fragilit-est-associ-e-l-horloge-pig-n-tique-mais-pas-la-longueur-des-t-lom-res-dans-une-cohorte" rel="bookmark">La fragilité est associée à l’horloge épigénétique mais pas à la longueur des télomères dans une cohorte allemande</a>
        </h1>
          </header>
  
  
  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md3"><div class="field-item even"><h3>L.P. Breitling, K.U. Saum, L. Perna, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Clinical Epigenetics. 2016;8:21</span></em></p>
<p>Selon des suppositions récentes, l’horloge épigénétique, notamment le vieillissement prématuré épigénétique quantifié par l’accélération de l’âge dite de méthylation de l’ADN, coïnciderait étroitement avec une multitude de phénotypes de maladie. Cependant, un manque de données subsiste sur son association avec la longueur des télomères et la fragilité, lesquels peuvent être assimilés à des corrélats majeurs de l’âge au niveau génomique et clinique, respectivement. Les résultats de la présente étude suggèrent que l’accélération de l’âge épigénétique coïncide avec les phénotypes liés au vieillissement pertinents sur le plan clinique par des voies non liées à la sénescence cellulaire telle qu’évaluée par la longueur des télomères.</p>
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  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/la-fragilit-est-associ-e-l-horloge-pig-n-tique-mais-pas-la-longueur-des-t-lom-res-dans-une-cohorte" rel="tag" title="La fragilité est associée à l’horloge épigénétique mais pas à la longueur des télomères dans une cohorte allemande">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su La fragilité est associée à l’horloge épigénétique mais pas à la longueur des télomères dans une cohorte allemande</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-449" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
      <header class="node-header">
              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/apport-en-macronutriments-et-apparition-de-la-fragilit-chez-les-personnes-g-es-tude-prospective-de" rel="bookmark">Apport en macronutriments et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude prospective de cohorte</a>
        </h1>
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  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md4"><div class="field-item even"><h3>H. Sandoval-Insausti, R.F. Pérez-Tasigchana, E. López-García, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2016;71(10):1329-34</span></em></p>
<p>Cette étude s’est intéressée à la relation entre l’apport en protéines et autres macronutriments et le risque de fragilité chez les personnes âgées. Les auteurs ont conclu que l’apport en protéines totales, en protéines animales et en acides gras mono-insaturés était inversement associés à l’apparition de la fragilité. Encourager l’apport de ces nutriments pourrait permettre de réduire la fragilité.</p>
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  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/apport-en-macronutriments-et-apparition-de-la-fragilit-chez-les-personnes-g-es-tude-prospective-de" rel="tag" title="Apport en macronutriments et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude prospective de cohorte">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Apport en macronutriments et apparition de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées : étude prospective de cohorte</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-444" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
      <header class="node-header">
              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/les-taux-lev-s-de-m-taux-lourds-augmentent-la-pr-valence-de-la-sarcop-nie-au-sein-de-la-population" rel="bookmark">Les taux élevés de métaux lourds augmentent la prévalence de la sarcopénie au sein de la population de personnes âgées</a>
        </h1>
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  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md5"><div class="field-item even"><h3>J.I. Yoo, Y.C. Ha, Y.K. Lee, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Bone Metab. 2016;23(2):101-9</span></em></p>
<p>Malgré la préoccupation croissante à l’égard des problèmes de santé liés aux polluants environnementaux, aucune association entre métaux lourds toxiques et sarcopénie n‘a été démontrée dans l’ensemble de la population. Dans cet article, l’association entre métaux lourds, notamment le plomb, le mercure et le cadmium, et sarcopénie dans la population coréenne a été étudiée. Cette étude démontre que des concentrations sanguines élevées en plomb, mercure et cadmium augmentent la prévalence de la sarcopénie chez les personnes des deux sexes des populations âgées.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="form-item form-type-item">
  <label>Language </label>
 French
</div>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/les-taux-lev-s-de-m-taux-lourds-augmentent-la-pr-valence-de-la-sarcop-nie-au-sein-de-la-population" rel="tag" title="Les taux élevés de métaux lourds augmentent la prévalence de la sarcopénie au sein de la population de personnes âgées">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Les taux élevés de métaux lourds augmentent la prévalence de la sarcopénie au sein de la population de personnes âgées</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-439" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
      <header class="node-header">
              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/fonction-neuromusculaire-diff-rents-stades-de-la-sarcop-nie" rel="bookmark">Fonction neuromusculaire à différents stades de la sarcopénie</a>
        </h1>
          </header>
  
  
  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md6"><div class="field-item even"><h3>T. Morat, K.J. Gilmore and C.L. Rice</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Exp Gerontol. 2016;81:28-36</span></em></p>
<p>Cette étude a utilisé l’outil de dépistage développé par le Groupe de travail européen sur la sarcopénie chez les personnes âgées (EWGSOP) sur des personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans et a testé simultanément différents indices de la fonction neuromusculaire en laboratoire. En fonction de leur vitesse de marche, de leur force de préhension et de leur masse musculaire, tous les sujets ont été assignés l’un des trois stades conceptuels de la sarcopénie (sarcopénie précoce, sarcopénie, sarcopénie sévère). Les essais de laboratoire ont révélé des différences neuromusculaires entre les 3 groupes qui, de manière générale, ont appuyé le schéma de classification et permis d’illustrer certains facteurs clés qui pourraient expliquer les différences de capacités fonctionnelles.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="form-item form-type-item">
  <label>Language </label>
 French
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/fonction-neuromusculaire-diff-rents-stades-de-la-sarcop-nie" rel="tag" title="Fonction neuromusculaire à différents stades de la sarcopénie">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Fonction neuromusculaire à différents stades de la sarcopénie</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-434" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/mesure-d-exercices-physiques-plusieurs-composantes-permettant-d-inverser-le-processus-fragilit-et-d" rel="bookmark">Mesure d’exercices physiques à plusieurs composantes permettant d’inverser le processus fragilité et d’améliorer les fonctions cognitives, les émotions et les interactions sociales chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire: essai clinique</a>
        </h1>
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  <div class="node-content">
    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md7"><div class="field-item even"><h3>F.J. Tarazona-Santabalbina, M.C. Gómez-Cabrera, P. Pérez-Ros, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):426-33</span></em></p>
<p>L’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier si un programme d’exercices à plusieurs composantes (PEPC) supervisé en établissement, lorsqu’il est suivi par des personnes âgées fragiles, peut inverser le processus de fragilité et améliorer les fonctions cognitives, l’équilibre émotionnel et la capacité à interagir socialement, ainsi que les biomarqueurs biologiques de la fragilité, par rapport à une population témoin ne suivant aucun entraînement.&nbsp;</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/mesure-d-exercices-physiques-plusieurs-composantes-permettant-d-inverser-le-processus-fragilit-et-d" rel="tag" title="Mesure d’exercices physiques à plusieurs composantes permettant d’inverser le processus fragilité et d’améliorer les fonctions cognitives, les émotions et les interactions sociales chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire: essai clinique">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Mesure d’exercices physiques à plusieurs composantes permettant d’inverser le processus fragilité et d’améliorer les fonctions cognitives, les émotions et les interactions sociales chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire: essai clinique</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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<article id="node-433" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article even node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/performances-motrices-et-activit-physique-en-tant-qu-indicateurs-des-chutes-futures-chez-les" rel="bookmark">Performances motrices et activité physique en tant qu’indicateurs des chutes futures chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire en fonction du niveau de fragilité : application de la technologie portable</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md8"><div class="field-item even"><h3>M.J. Mohler, C.S. Wendel , R.E. Taylor-Piliae, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Gerontology. 2016;62(6):654-664</span></em></p>
<p>Cette étude visait à évaluer les mesures par capteurs portables de la marche, de l’équilibre et de l’activité physique, facteurs prédictifs des chutes futures chez les personnes âgées résidant en milieu communautaire. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les indicateurs indépendants des chutes dépendent du statut de fragilité. Parmi les paramètres mesurés par capteurs, la perte d’équilibre, les épisodes de marche type plus longs et les épisodes de position debout type plus courts ont été les indicateurs les plus sensibles de futures chutes dans l’échantillon combiné de patients fragiles et de patients au stade précoce de fragilité. Le déficit de la marche n’a pas été un indicateur de chutes sensible dans le cas de la fragilité.</p>
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<article id="node-432" class="node node-tabs-article node-teaser article odd node-lang-fr iat-n clearfix" role="article">
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/valuation-de-la-fragilit-physique-chez-les-femmes-g-es-une-simplification-est-elle-possible-sans" rel="bookmark">Évaluation de la fragilité physique chez les femmes âgées : une simplification est-elle possible sans annuler la validité de la mesure du syndrome ?</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md9"><div class="field-item even"><h3>Q.L. Xue, J. Tian, L.P. Fried, et al.</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(11):1037-44</span></em></p>
<p>De plus en plus souvent, différents phénotypes sont utilisés comme outils de caractérisation clinique de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées. Bien que des études aient été menées sur la comparabilité et l’efficacité des diverses simplifications et approximations des phénotypes de fragilité existants dans la prévision des risques, aucune étude au cours de laquelle les investigateurs ont évalué la stabilité de la caractérisation clinique obtenue n’a été réalisée. Les constatations recueillies ont démontré que la prévision du risque de conséquences indésirables n’est pas simplement due au nombre de critères utilisés pour caractériser les PFP mais plutôt aux associations de critères spécifiques. Des contextes cliniquement importants existent dans lesquels les PFP simplifiés ne peuvent pas être utilisés de manière interchangeable.</p>
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      <nav class="clearfix"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore first last"><a href="/fr/valuation-de-la-fragilit-physique-chez-les-femmes-g-es-une-simplification-est-elle-possible-sans" rel="tag" title="Évaluation de la fragilité physique chez les femmes âgées : une simplification est-elle possible sans annuler la validité de la mesure du syndrome ?">en savoir plus<span class="element-invisible"> su Évaluation de la fragilité physique chez les femmes âgées : une simplification est-elle possible sans annuler la validité de la mesure du syndrome ?</span></a></li></ul></nav>
  
  
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              <h1 class="node-title">
          <a href="/fr/pr-vention-de-la-fragilit-travers-l-intervention-narrative" rel="bookmark">Prévention de la fragilité à travers l’intervention narrative</a>
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-teaser"><div class="field-items" id="md10"><div class="field-item even"><h3>S. Freitag and S. Schmidt</h3>
<p><em><span class="bold">Soc Sci Med. 2016;160:120-7</span></em></p>
<p>Le but de cette étude est d’analyser les effets de la divulgation biographique sur la santé et la fragilité psychologiques chez les personnes âgées. Les résultats de cette mesure révèlent un effet positif à court terme sur la fragilité et la santé mentale des personnes âgées ayant bénéficié de l’intervention de divulgation, en termes d’amélioration de la santé mentale et de diminution des niveaux de fragilité.</p>
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